同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量的影响

目的：探讨同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量的影响。方法采取便利抽样方法选取2013年3—6月哈尔滨市某社区服务中心站的6个社区的独居代谢综合征患者90例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组患者不接受同伴支持干预,观察组患者接受同伴支持,采用自我护理能力测定表( ESCA)、生活质量量表( QOL)评价两组干预效果。结果干预后,观察组患者自我效能总分为(126.98±10.13)分,对照组患者为(108.56±9.75)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.954,P<0.05);干预后观察组患者总体生存质量为(42.62±5.86)分,对照组患者为(34.76±5.15)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.543,P<0.05)。结论同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量均有积极改善效果,值得推广。     

The effect of changes in primary attending doctor coverage frequency on orthodontic treatment time and results

Objective:To determine whether changes in primary attending (PA) doctor coverage frequency caused an increase in orthodontic treatment time or a decrease in the quality of treatment results in a postgraduate orthodontic clinic. The effect of T1 Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores on PA doctor coverage frequency, treatment times, and results was also evaluated.Materials and Methods:A sample of 191 postorthodontic subjects was divided into three groups based on PA doctor coverage (high, medium, or low). Treatment times, treatment results, and other variables were compared between the three PA coverage groups. Additionally, the sample was divided into three groups based on T1 PAR scores. Attending coverage frequency, treatment times, and results were compared between the T1 PAR groups.Results:No statistically significant differences were found in treatment time (P  =  .128) or results (P  =  .052). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores for T1 PAR (P  =  .056), T2 PAR (P  =  .602), patient age at T1 (P  =  .747), total appointments (P  =  .128), missed appointments (P  =  .177), or cancelled appointments (P  =  .183). Statistically significant differences were found between the low T1 PAR group and the medium and high T1 PAR groups (attending coverage, P  =  .008; results, P < .001; treatment time, P  =  .001).Conclusions:Under the conditions of this study, variations in PA doctor coverage frequency did not lengthen orthodontic treatment or reduce the quality of treatment results. Low T1 PAR scores were associated with less PA coverage, less change in PAR, and shorter treatment times.     

Exploring youth and caregiver preferences for asthma education video content

Objective: This study examines (1) whether youth and their caregivers have different preferences for asthma education video topics and (2) if education topic preferences vary by youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Youth (n?=?83) ages 7–17 years with persistent asthma and their caregivers were recruited at two pediatric practices in North Carolina. Sociodemographic information and youth and caregiver preferences for nine asthma video education topics were collected during in-person interviews. Bonferroni-corrected Chi-square or McNemar tests (α?=?0.0056) were used to compare youth and caregivers differences in topic preferences and topic preferences by youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, race, ethnicity, and age. Results: Youth were primarily male (52%) and from low-income families (74%; caregiver annual income less than $30 000) and many were Hispanic (45%). Youth and parents expressed the most interest in the following two topics: “how to deal with triggers” (90% and 95%, respectively) and “how to keep asthma under control” (87% and 96%, respectively). Caregivers and children were discordant for two topics: “the difference between a rescue and controller medicine” and “how to [help your child] talk to your [his/her] friends about asthma.” No differences were found between youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics and video topic preferences. Conclusions: Youth with persistent asthma and their caregivers differed in their asthma education topic preferences, but preferences did not vary by caregiver or youth sociodemographic characteristics. Studies examining the effectiveness of interventions tailored to differences in educational preferences of youth with asthma and their caregivers are needed.     

阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知模式对

目的 比较阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知形式对疼痛、出血、肿胀等术后常见并发症发生率的影响,为降低智牙拔除术后并发症及提高患者满意度提供帮助。方法 随机选取2018年1月—2018年10月间在中南大学湘雅医院口腔颌面外科就诊的150例拔除下颌阻生智牙的患者,随机分为3组,每组50例。第1组术后接受术后医嘱口头告知,第2组术后医嘱书面告知,第3组术后医嘱口头和书面同时告知。术前获取患者的年龄、性别和受教育程度等个人信息。术后7 d记录并分析患者疼痛、出血、肿胀等并发症和对医疗行为满意度。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 150例受试者中,男69例,女81例,平均年龄（24.6±2.6）岁。结果表明,术后医嘱口头告知组患者的术后疼痛程度显著高于书面医嘱组（P=0.001）和口头加书面医嘱组（P=0.000）,患者满意度最低;同时接受口头和书面医嘱告知的患者,术后满意度最高。结论 术后医嘱告知方式可以显著影响下颌阻生智牙拔除术后的疼痛强度和患者满意度。     

The management of trauma victims with head injury: a study by the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death

Introduction

In 2006 the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death undertook a large prospective study of trauma care, which revealed several findings pertaining to the management of head injuries in a sample of 493 patients.

Methods

Case note data were collected for all trauma patients admitted to all hospitals accepting emergencies in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands over a three-month period. Severely injured patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of ≥16 were included in the study. The case notes for these patients were peer reviewed by a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, who rated the overall level of care the patient received.

Results

Of the 795 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study, 493 were admitted with a head injury. Room for improvement in the level of care was found in a substantial number of patients (265/493). Good practice was found to be highest in high volume centres. The overall head injury management was found to be satisfactory in 84% of cases (319/381).

Conclusions

This study has shown that care for trauma patients with head injury is frequently rated as less than good and suggests potential long-term remedies for the problem, including a reconfiguration of trauma services and better provision of neurocritical care facilities.     

互动式教学在人体寄生虫学实验教学中的应用

将互动式教学应用于寄生虫学实验教学,强化教学过程中学生的参与,注重师生之间及学生之间的互动交流,激发学生的学习兴趣,激活学生的学习动力,使其变被动学习为主动学习,明显提高了教学质量。     

A psychometric study of recovery among Certified Peer Specialists

The recovery model is wielding a welcome influence in the mental healthcare system. Despite its potential impact, systematic studies of the recovery construct as viewed by consumers and former consumers of mental health services have only recently begun to permeate the literature. We have embarked on an ongoing collaboration with the Georgia Mental Health Consumer Network to study the recovery experiences of Certified Peer Specialists (CPSs). As a first step, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics of a new measure of the recovery construct in CPSs. CPSs (N=84) enrolled in the GMHCN completed the Maryland Assessment of Recovery in Serious Mental Illness (MARS) along with measures of resilience, coping styles, community living, social support, internalized stigma, psychopathology, and personality. Recovery as measured by the MARS was associated with resilience, coping behaviors, quality of social support, community living, internalized stigma, and severity of psychopathology. Recovery did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with personality. Recovery appeared to mediate the effect of psychopathology and episodic stressors on community functioning. Our psychometric study supports the psychometric soundness of the MARS and the construct validity of recovery.     

阿司匹林肠溶缓释片临床服用方法探讨

目的：规范药品说明书,促进患者正确合理地服用阿司匹林肠溶缓释片。方法：结合临床用药实际,对阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书进行分析,探讨阿司匹林肠溶缓释片正确合理的服用方法。结果：阿司匹林肠溶缓释片应饭前空腹服用,而其药品说明书“用法用量”规定：本品宜在饭后用温水送服,不可空腹服用。由于阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书“用法用量”的不规范,临床上阿司匹林肠溶缓释片用药方法错误的情况普遍存在,这不但影响药品疗效的发挥,还易增加药品不良反应的发生率。结论：药品说明书是临床合理用药的重要参考依据,建议修订和完善阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书,为临床合理使用阿司匹林提供参考依据。     

Effects of social contexts on overweight and normal-weight children's food intake

This study investigates the effects of peer influence on the food intake of overweight and normal-weight children. A mixed factorial design was employed, with children's weight status (overweight vs. normal-weight) as a between-subjects factor, and social context (alone vs. group) as a within-subjects factor. A total of 32 children (n=17 overweight and n=15 normal-weight) between the ages of 6-10 years participated in this study. Findings from the random regression model indicated that overweight children ate more when with others than when alone, while in contrast normal-weight ate more with others than they did when alone. Therefore, social context differentially impacts the eating behavior of overweight and normal-weight children. This study underscores differences in responses to the social environment between overweight and non-overweight youths, and suggests that social involvement may be an important tool in treatment and prevention programs for overweight and obesity.